The goal of this concept is to increase the impact of the BRAIN Initiative by targeted dissemination and integration of validated BRAIN Initiative tools to investigators at institutions that historically have not been major recipients of NIH support. This will be accomplished by awards to PIs at resource-limited institutions (RLIs) who pair with BRAIN technologists to facilitate training and adoption of BRAIN Initiative technologies in the recipient laboratories. Goals include two-way knowledge transfer between the PI and BRAIN technologist and to increase the participation of PIs at RLIs in BRAIN Initiative relevant research.

BRAIN Initiative: Promoting Health for All Through BRAIN Technology Partnerships (R34 - Clinical Trials Not Allowed)

Posted Date: November 22, 2024 Open Date (Earliest Submission Date): May 17, 2025 Expiration Date: June 18, 2026

This funding opportunity was updated to align with agency priorities. Carefully reread the full funding opportunity and make any needed adjustments to your application prior to submission.

Part 1. Overview Information

Participating Organization(s) National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Components of Participating Organizations

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• National Eye Institute (NEI)
• National Institute on Aging (NIA)
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
• National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
• Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
• National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
• National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)

All applications to this funding opportunity announcement should fall within the mission of the Institutes/Centers. The following NIH Offices may co-fund applications assigned to those Institutes/Centers:

• Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR)

Funding Opportunity Title BRAIN Initiative: Promoting Health for All Through BRAIN Technology Partnerships (R34 - Clinical Trials Not Allowed)

Activity Code R34 - Planning Grant

Announcement Type New

Related Notices

• March 31, 2025 - This funding opportunity was updated to align with agency priorities. Carefully reread the full funding opportunity and make any needed adjustments to your application prior to submission.
• April 4, 2024 - Overview of Grant Application and Review Changes for Due Dates on or after January 25, 2025. See Notice NOT-OD-24-084.
• August 31, 2022 - Implementation Changes for Genomic Data Sharing Plans Included with Applications Due on or after January 25, 2023. See Notice NOT-OD-22-198.
• August 5, 2022 - Implementation Details for the NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy. See Notice NOT-OD-22-189.

Funding Opportunity Number (FON) RFA-NS-25-016

Companion Funding Opportunity None

Number of Applications See Part 2, Section III. 3. Additional Information on Eligibility.

Assistance Listing Number(s) 93.853, 93.866, 93.242, 93.173, 93.865, 93.867, 93.286, 93.279, 93.273, 93.213

Funding Opportunity Purpose This notice of funding opportunity (NOFO) is intended for investigators at institutions that have not previously been major recipients of NIH funding (resource limited institutions). The goal is for these investigators to adopt and integrate BRAIN Initiative resources into their line of research. Applications are limited to utilizing well-developed, well-validated resource(s) described on this list of NIH BRAIN Initiative U24 Programs or this list of BRAIN Initiative Alliance Developed Resources and Tools.

This R34 NOFO is intended to support two-way knowledge transfer between the Principal Investigator (PI) and BRAIN disseminator and to increase the use of BRAIN Initiative relevant resources at resource-limited institutions (RLIs). The PI from an RLI will collaborate with a BRAIN disseminator providing one of the resources from the list above to adopt the resource while working towards sustained integration. Activities may include investigator-initiated exploratory, pilot efforts which lay the groundwork and establish feasibility or validity for future larger-scale research projects utilizing the resource and/or innovative dissemination of the resource at the RLI with a plan for long-term integration into training programs.

Funding Opportunity Goal(s) To provide support for initiatives funded under the 21st Century Cures Act to support the BRAIN Initiative’s aim of revolutionizing our understanding of the human brain. By accelerating the development and application of innovative technologies, researchers will be able to produce a revolutionary new dynamic picture of the brain that, for the first time, shows how individual cells and complex neural circuits interact in both time and space. Long desired by researchers seeking new ways to treat, cure, and even prevent brain disorders, this picture will fill major gaps in our current knowledge and provide unprecedented opportunities for exploring exactly how the brain enables the human body to record, process, utilize, store, and retrieve vast quantities of information, all at the speed of thought.

Key Dates

• Posted Date: November 22, 2024
• Open Date (Earliest Submission Date): May 17, 2025
• Application Due Dates:
  • New: October 2025
  • Renewal / Resubmission / Revision (as allowed): January 2026
  • AIDS - New/Renewal/Resubmission/Revision, as allowed: February 2026
• Scientific Merit Review: June 17, 2026
• Advisory Council Review: June 17, 2026
• Earliest Start Date: Not Applicable

All applications are due by 5:00 PM local time of applicant organization. Applicants are encouraged to apply early to allow adequate time to make any corrections to errors found in the application during the submission process by the due date.

Expiration Date June 18, 2026

Due Dates for E.O. 12372 Not Applicable

Required Application Instructions It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the Research (R) Instructions in the How to Apply - Application Guide, except where instructed to do otherwise (in this NOFO or in a Notice from NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts).

Conformance to all requirements (both in the Application Guide and the NOFO) is required and strictly enforced. Applicants must read and follow all application instructions in the Application Guide as well as any program-specific instructions noted in Section IV. When the program-specific instructions deviate from those in the Application Guide, follow the program-specific instructions.

Applications that do not comply with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.

There are several options available to submit your application through Grants.gov to NIH and Department of Health and Human Services partners. You must use one of these submission options to access the application forms for this opportunity.

• Use the NIH ASSIST system to prepare, submit and track your application online.
• Use an institutional system-to-system (S2S) solution to prepare and submit your application to Grants.gov and eRA Commons to track your application. Check with your institutional officials regarding availability.
• Use Grants.gov Workspace to prepare and submit your application and eRA Commons to track your application.

Part 2. Full Text of Announcement

Section I. Notice of Funding Opportunity Description

Objectives The overall goals of this NOFO are to accelerate the scientific impact and broad research adoption of validated BRAIN Initiative-relevant resources and provide PIs at RLIs the opportunity to integrate these resources into their own research and training programs. These goals will be accomplished through mentored adoption, thoughtful bidirectional active collaboration, and knowledge transfer between investigators from RLIs and BRAIN technology disseminators. This collaboration should center on potential and capabilities of both parties as opposed to deficits.

To accomplish the stated over-arching goal, this NOFO will support novel investigator-initiated exploratory efforts utilizing validated BRAIN-relevant resources, with collaborative user feedback to the BRAIN disseminator to enable broader dissemination of the resource.

The primary focus of activities will be:

• Establishing feasibility and validity for subsequent research projects (e.g. R01 or other investigator-initiated studies) involving the BRAIN Initiative resource at the RLI.
• AND/OR
• Innovative dissemination of the resource at the RLI via integration into training programs.

The expectation is that the collaboration allows the PI to expand their research capabilities, leverage the technology and address a research problem in a way which could not be reasonably implemented without funding through this program.

Participating components of this program must include, as key personnel:

• The user: An investigator from a resource limited institution (RLI), defined here as RPG funding <7.5 million TC/year in 4 of the last 7 years.
• A BRAIN Initiative disseminator: An individual with expertise on the resource and history of disseminating - may be inventor, resource contact, or project/program manager. The disseminator will provide a well validated, well-developed, ready to disseminate resource which is described on this list of NIH BRAIN Initiative U24 Programs and/or this list of BRAIN Initiative Alliance Developed Resources and Tools.

The focus of this program is supporting collaborations and knowledge transfer as opposed to large capacity building efforts, and it is expected that a majority of the budget and activities will reflect this. Funded activities may include travel and training, reagent costs, as well as student participation in the execution, analysis, and reporting of the research. Minor adaptations or enhancements of the resource to meet the needs of the user would be allowed but the focus for this opportunity is not significant technology or software development of the resource.

Applicants are strongly encouraged to consult the Scientific/Research Contact listed below to discuss the alignment of their proposed work with the goals of this NOFO and the BRAIN Initiative.

Background Since 2014, the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® (BRAIN) Initiative has aimed to accelerate the development and application of innovative neurotechnologies, enabling researchers to produce a new dynamic picture of the brain that reveals how individual cells and complex neural circuits interact in both time and space. It is expected that these advances will ultimately lead to new ways to treat and prevent brain disorders.

As one of several federal agencies involved in the BRAIN Initiative, NIH's contributions to the BRAIN Initiative were initially guided by "BRAIN 2025: A Scientific Vision," a strategic plan that detailed seven high-priority research areas. This plan was updated and enhanced in 2019 by: "The BRAIN Initiative 2.0: From Cells to Circuits, Toward Cures" and "The BRAIN Initiative and Neuroethics: Enabling and Enhancing Neuroscience Advances for Society." This and other BRAIN Initiative Notices of Funding Opportunities (NOFOs) are based on this vision and issued with input from Advisory Councils of the 10 NIH Institutes and Centers supporting the BRAIN Initiative, as assisted by the NIH BRAIN Multi-Council Working Group and Neuroethics Working Group.

The NIH encourages businesses to participate in the BRAIN Initiative. It is possible for companies to submit applications directly to BRAIN Initiative program announcements or to collaborate with academic researchers in joint submissions. Small businesses should consider applying to one of the BRAIN Initiative small business NOFOs.

The BRAIN Initiative requires a high level of coordination and sharing between investigators. It is expected that BRAIN Initiative recipients will cooperate and coordinate their activities after awards are made by participating in Program Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) meetings and in other activities such as the BRAIN Initiative Conference. The data sharing expectations for BRAIN Initiative awards can be found at NOT-MH-19-010.

This NOFO is related to the recommendations in the BRAIN 2025 (Section III, Part 8b) and the BRAIN Initiative 2.0: From Cells to Circuits, Toward Cures (Priority Area 8, Section III) Reports. Specifically, this NOFO solicits applications that will address the recommendations in “Dissemination and training in new technologies". As noted in the BRAIN 2.0 report, new tools and new knowledge should be shared broadly to maximize the value of the BRAIN Initiative and to seed new paths of inquiry. This program would support PIs at RLIs studying the development, structure, and function of the normal nervous system as well as those studying disease relevant mechanisms. This program would also support PIs at RLIs focused on addressing brain health challenges faced by populations that experience health disparities and ensuring that advances and novel tools in neurotechnology are developed with consideration for utility across all populations.

Applications Not Responsive to this NOFO:

• Applications that propose utilization of resources not described in this list of NIH BRAIN Initiative U24 Programs and/or this list of BRAIN Initiative Alliance Developed Resources and Tools at time of application.
• Projects focused on developing novel and unproven technologies.
• Projects that support clinical trials or provide patient services. Applicants considering such efforts are encouraged to explore alternative funding mechanisms.
• Projects that do not list an individual associated with disseminating the BRAIN Initiative relevant resource as key personnel.

Applications considered non-responsive will be withdrawn prior to review.

See Section VIII. Other Information for award authorities and regulations.

Section II. Award Information

Funding Instrument Grant: A financial assistance mechanism providing money, property, or both to an eligible entity to carry out an approved project or activity.

Application Types Allowed

• New
• Resubmission
• Revision

The OER Glossary and the How to Apply Application Guide provide details on these application types. Only those application types listed here are allowed for this NOFO.

Clinical Trial? Not Allowed: Only accepting applications that do not propose clinical trials.

Need help determining whether you are doing a clinical trial? See NIH Guidance.

Funds Available and Anticipated Number of Awards Issuing IC and partner components intend to commit an estimated total of $1.8 M to fund 4 awards.

Award Budget Direct costs limited to $225,000 per year and $450,000 over the 3-year project period.

Award Project Period The total project period for an application submitted in response to this funding opportunity may not exceed 3 years.

NIH grants policies as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement will apply to the applications submitted and awards made from this NOFO.

Section III. Eligibility Information

1. Eligible Applicants

Eligible Organizations

• Higher Education Institutions
  • Public/State Controlled Institutions of Higher Education
  • Private Institutions of Higher Education
• Nonprofits Other Than Institutions of Higher Education
  • Nonprofits with 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education)
  • Nonprofits without 501(c)(3) IRS Status (Other than Institutions of Higher Education)
• For-Profit Organizations
  • Small Businesses
  • For-Profit Organizations (Other than Small Businesses)
• Local Governments
  • State Governments
  • County Governments
  • City or Township Governments
  • Special District Governments
• Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Federally Recognized)
• Indian/Native American Tribal Governments (Other than Federally Recognized).
• Federal Government
  • Eligible Agencies of the Federal Government
• U.S. Territory or Possession
• Other
  • Independent School Districts
  • Public Housing Authorities/Indian Housing Authorities
  • Native American Tribal Organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments)
  • Faith-based or Community-based Organizations
  • Regional Organizations

This funding opportunity announcement is limited to institutions of higher education that:

1. award undergraduate (B.S. or B.A.) and/or graduate degrees in biomedical sciences; and
2. at the time of the application, have received no more than $7.5 million dollars per year (total costs) from NIH Research Project Grants (RPGs) in four of the last seven preceding fiscal years, calculated using NIH RePORTER.

Foreign Organizations Non-domestic (non-U.S.) Entities (Foreign Organizations) are not eligible to apply.

Non-domestic (non-U.S.) components of U.S. Organizations are not eligible to apply.

Foreign components, as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement, are allowed.

Required Registrations

Applicant Organizations Applicant organizations must complete and maintain the following registrations as described in the How to Apply-Application Guide to be eligible to apply for or receive an award. All registrations must be completed prior to the application being submitted. Registration can take 6 weeks or more, so applicants should begin the registration process as soon as possible. Failure to complete registrations in advance of a due date is not a valid reason for a late submission, please reference the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2.3.9.2 Electronically Submitted Applications.

• System for Award Management (SAM) – Applicants must complete and maintain an active registration, which requires renewal at least annually. The renewal process may require as much time as the initial registration. SAM registration includes the assignment of a Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Code for domestic organizations which have not already been assigned a CAGE Code.
• NATO Commercial and Government Entity (NCAGE) Code – Foreign organizations must obtain an NCAGE code (in lieu of a CAGE code) in order to register in SAM.
• Unique Entity Identifier (UEI) - A UEI is issued as part of the SAM.gov registration process. The same UEI must be used for all registrations, as well as on the grant application.
• eRA Commons - Once the unique organization identifier is established, organizations can register with eRA Commons in tandem with completing their Grants.gov registration; all registrations must be in place by time of submission. eRA Commons requires organizations to identify at least one Signing Official (SO) and at least one Program Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) account in order to submit an application.
• Grants.gov – Applicants must have an active SAM registration in order to complete the Grants.gov registration.

Program Directors/Principal Investigators (PD(s)/PI(s)) All PD(s)/PI(s) must have an eRA Commons account. PD(s)/PI(s) should work with their organizational officials to either create a new account or to affiliate their existing account with the applicant organization in eRA Commons. If the PD/PI is also the organizational Signing Official, they must have two distinct eRA Commons accounts, one for each role. Obtaining an eRA Commons account can take up to 2 weeks.

Eligible Individuals (Program Director/Principal Investigator) Any individual(s) with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research as the Program Director(s)/Principal Investigator(s) (PD(s)/PI(s)) is invited to work with their organization to develop an application for support.

For institutions/organizations proposing multiple PDs/PIs, visit the Multiple Program Director/Principal Investigator Policy and submission details in the Senior/Key Person Profile (Expanded) Component of the How to Apply- Application Guide.

2. Cost Sharing This NOFO does not require cost sharing as defined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 1.2 Definition of Terms.

3. Additional Information on Eligibility

Number of Applications Applicant organizations may submit more than one application, provided that each application is scientifically distinct.

The NIH will not accept duplicate or highly overlapping applications under review at the same time, per NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2.3.7.4 Submission of Resubmission Application. This means that the NIH will not accept:

• A new (A0) application that is submitted before issuance of the summary statement from the review of an overlapping new (A0) or resubmission (A1) application.
• A resubmission (A1) application that is submitted before issuance of the summary statement from the review of the previous new (A0) application.
• An application that has substantial overlap with another application pending appeal of initial peer review (see NIH Grants Policy Statement 2.3.9.4 Similar, Essentially Identical, or Identical Applications).

Section IV. Application and Submission Information

1. Requesting an Application Package The application forms package specific to this opportunity must be accessed through ASSIST, Grants.gov Workspace or an institutional system-to-system solution. Links to apply using ASSIST or Grants.gov Workspace are available in Part 1 of this NOFO. See your administrative office for instructions if you plan to use an institutional system-to-system solution.

2. Content and Form of Application Submission It is critical that applicants follow the instructions in the Research (R) Instructions in the How to Apply - Application Guide except where instructed in this notice of funding opportunity to do otherwise. Conformance to the requirements in the Application Guide is required and strictly enforced. Applications that are out of compliance with these instructions may be delayed or not accepted for review.

Page Limitations All page limitations described in the How to Apply- Application Guide and the Table of Page Limits must be followed, with the following exceptions:

• For this specific NOFO, the Research Strategy section is limited to 6 pages.

Instructions for Application Submission The following section supplements the instructions found in the How to Apply- Application Guide and should be used for preparing an application to this NOFO.

• SF424(R&R) Cover All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
• SF424(R&R) Project/Performance Site Locations All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
• SF424(R&R) Other Project Information All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
• SF424(R&R) Senior/Key Person Profile All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
  • Specific to this NOFO: Applicants must document, in the biosketch of the BRAIN Initiative technology disseminator, a history of service-oriented efforts outside the needs of their own research programs.
• R&R or Modular Budget All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
• R&R Subaward Budget All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
  • With the additional instructions: It is expected that the BRAIN Initiative resource disseminator, who may be project management personnel, is included as a subaward.
• PHS 398 Cover Page Supplement All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
• PHS 398 Research Plan All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions:
  • The research strategy will be limited to 6 pages.
  • The application must describe how it will accelerate the scientific impact and broad research adoption of validated BRAIN Initiative resources through a collaborative partnership between an RLI investigator(s) and BRAIN disseminator(s).
  • Partnership: The application must describe the general rationale and the mutual benefits that the investigator(s) and disseminator(s) expect to derive from the partnership.
  • Technology: The application must describe the status of the technology and readiness for broad dissemination, if/how the technology has been validated, and describe how the selected BRAIN Initiative resource provides value beyond currently available facilities and services at the RLI.
  • Activities: The application must describe how the aims and approach of the proposed R34 will:
    • Establish feasibility, validity or other technically qualifying results that, if successful, would support and/or enable, subsequent research project(s) using the selected BRAIN Initiative resource
    • AND/OR
    • Describes how trainees at the RLI will gain an understanding of the uses and limitations of the BRAIN Initiative resource and hands-on training on how to rigorously execute, analyze and report research using the resource.
  • Preliminary data utilizing the BRAIN resource in the RLI lab is not required for this application and, in fact, is discouraged. Rather, this mechanism seeks to support new collaborations, innovative research ideas and novel, thoughtful plans for training.
  • Impact: The application must indicate how the proposed R34 application will enable novel, sustained integration of the proposed resource into research practice. This may include novel, sustained integration into research in the contact PI’s lab, their institution, or at other institutions.
  • In applications where the focus of activities is on training, a specific plan must be provided on the sustainability of such training, and on the dissemination nationally of findings resulting from or materials developed under the auspices of research education, e.g., sharing course curricula and related materials via web postings, presentations at scientific meetings, workshops, collaborative partnerships with other institutions to further disseminate materials.
  • In relevant cases, programs are expected to make outcomes publicly available and are expected to disseminate successful research education practices, and lessons learned, to the broader community. The application must also describe specific measurable milestones and a timeline to support the goal of dissemination and integration of the resource.
• Resource Sharing Plan: Individuals are required to comply with the instructions for the Resource Sharing Plans as provided in the How to Apply- Application Guide.
• Other Plan(s): All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed, with the following additional instructions:
  • All applicants planning research (funded or conducted in whole or in part by NIH) that results in the generation of scientific data are required to comply with the instructions for the Data Management and Sharing Plan. All applications, regardless of the amount of direct costs requested for any one year, must address a Data Management and Sharing Plan.
• Appendix: Only limited Appendix materials are allowed. Follow all instructions for the Appendix as described in the How to Apply- Application Guide. No publications or other material, with the exception of blank questionnaires or blank surveys, may be included in the Appendix.
• PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information When involving human subjects research, clinical research, and/or NIH-defined clinical trials (and when applicable, clinical trials research experience) follow all instructions for the PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information form in the How to Apply- Application Guide, with the following additional instructions:
  • If you answered “Yes” to the question “Are Human Subjects Involved?” on the R&R Other Project Information form, you must include at least one human subjects study record using the Study Record: PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information form or Delayed Onset Study record.
  • Study Record: PHS Human Subjects and Clinical Trials Information All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
  • Delayed Onset Study Note: Delayed onset does NOT apply to a study that can be described but will not start immediately (i.e., delayed start). All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.
• PHS Assignment Request Form All instructions in the How to Apply-Application Guide must be followed.

3. Unique Entity Identifier and System for Award Management (SAM) See Part 2. Section III.1 for information regarding the requirement for obtaining a unique entity identifier and for completing and maintaining active registrations in System for Award Management (SAM), NATO Commercial and Government Entity (NCAGE) Code (if applicable), eRA Commons, and Grants.gov.

4. Submission Dates and Times Part I. Overview Information contains information about Key Dates and times. Applicants are encouraged to submit applications before the due date to ensure they have time to make any application corrections that might be necessary for successful submission. When a submission date falls on a weekend or Federal holiday, the application deadline is automatically extended to the next business day.

Organizations must submit applications to Grants.gov (the online portal to find and apply for grants across all Federal agencies). Applicants must then complete the submission process by tracking the status of the application in the eRA Commons, NIH’s electronic system for grants administration. NIH and Grants.gov systems check the application against many of the application instructions upon submission. Errors must be corrected and a changed/corrected application must be submitted to Grants.gov on or before the application due date and time. If a Changed/Corrected application is submitted after the deadline, the application will be considered late. Applications that miss the due date and time are subjected to the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2.3.9.2 Electronically Submitted Applications.

Applicants are responsible for viewing their application before the due date in the eRA Commons to ensure accurate and successful submission.

Information on the submission process and a definition of on-time submission are provided in the How to Apply- Application Guide.

5. Intergovernmental Review (E.O. 12372) This initiative is not subject to intergovernmental review.

6. Funding Restrictions All NIH awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.

Pre-award costs are allowable only as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 7.9.1 Selected Items of Cost.

7. Other Submission Requirements and Information Applications must be submitted electronically following the instructions described in the How to Apply - Application Guide. Paper applications will not be accepted.

Applicants must complete all required registrations before the application due date. Section III. Eligibility Information contains information about registration.

For assistance with your electronic application or for more information on the electronic submission process, visit How to Apply – Application Guide. If you encounter a system issue beyond your control that threatens your ability to complete the submission process on-time, you must follow the Dealing with System Issues guidance. For assistance with application submission, contact the Application Submission Contacts in Section VII.

Important reminders:

• All PD(s)/PI(s) must include their eRA Commons ID in the Credential field of the Senior/Key Person Profile form.
• Failure to register in the Commons and to include a valid PD/PI Commons ID in the credential field will prevent the successful submission of an electronic application to NIH. See Section III of this NOFO for information on registration requirements.
• The applicant organization must ensure that the unique entity identifier provided on the application is the same identifier used in the organization’s profile in the eRA Commons and for the System for Award Management. Additional information may be found in the How to Apply - Application Guide.
• See more tips for avoiding common errors.

Upon receipt, applications will be evaluated for completeness and compliance with application instructions by the Center for Scientific Review and responsiveness by components of participating organizations, NIH. Applications that are incomplete, non-compliant and/or nonresponsive will not be reviewed.

Mandatory Disclosure Recipients or subrecipients must submit any information related to violations of federal criminal law involving fraud, bribery, or gratuity violations potentially affecting the federal award. See Mandatory Disclosures, 2 CFR 200.113 and NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 4.1.35.

Send written disclosures to the NIH Chief Grants Management Officer listed on the Notice of Award for the IC that funded the award and to the HHS Office of Inspector General Grant Self Disclosure Program at oig.hotline@hhs.gov.

Post Submission Materials Applicants are required to follow the instructions for post-submission materials, as described in the policy.

Section V. Application Review Information

1. Criteria Only the review criteria described below will be considered in the review process. Applications submitted to the NIH in support of the NIH mission are evaluated for scientific and technical merit through the NIH peer review system.

Overall Impact Reviewers will provide an overall impact score to reflect their assessment of the likelihood for the project to exert a sustained, powerful influence on the research field(s) involved, in consideration of the following scored review criteria and additional review criteria (as applicable for the project proposed). An application does not need to be strong in all categories to be judged likely to have a major scientific impact.

Review Criteria Reviewers will consider Factors 1, 2 and 3 in the determination of scientific merit, and in providing an overall impact score. In addition, Factors 1 and 2 will each receive a separate factor score.

Factor 1: Importance of the Research

• Significance: Evaluate the importance of the proposed research in the context of current scientific challenges and opportunities, either for advancing knowledge within the field, or more broadly. Assess whether the application addresses an important gap in knowledge in the field, would solve a critical problem, or create a valuable conceptual or technical advance. Evaluate the rationale for undertaking the study, the rigor of the scientific background for the work (e.g. prior literature and/or preliminary data) and whether the scientific background justifies the proposed study.
• Innovation: Evaluate the extent to which innovation influences the importance of undertaking the proposed research. Note that while technical or conceptual innovation can influence the importance of the proposed research, a project that is not applying novel concepts or approaches may be of critical importance for the field. Evaluate whether the proposed work applies novel concepts, methods or technologies, or uses existing concepts, methods, technologies in novel ways, to enhance the overall impact of the project.
• Specific for this NOFO:
  • Evaluate the likelihood of sustained integration of the proposed resource into research practice.
  • Evaluate if the technical resource is developed to an appropriate stage (e.g. validation has been performed) that the technology is ready for dissemination to this user.
  • Evaluate if the collaboration enables novel and innovative research and/or training that otherwise would not be feasible in the absence of this mechanism.

Factor 2. Rigor and Feasibility

• Approach: Evaluate the scientific quality of the proposed work. Evaluate the likelihood that compelling, reproducible findings will result (rigor) and assess whether the proposed studies can be done well and within the timeframes proposed (feasibility).
  • Rigor:
    • Evaluate the potential to produce unbiased, reproducible, robust data.
    • Evaluate the rigor of experimental design and whether appropriate controls are in place.
    • Evaluate whether the sample size is sufficient and well-justified.
    • Assess the quality of the plans for analysis, interpretation, and reporting of results.
    • Evaluate whether the investigators presented adequate plans to address relevant biological variables, such as sex or age, in the design, analysis, and reporting.
    • For applications involving human subjects or vertebrate animals, also evaluate:
      • the rigor of the intervention or study manipulation (if applicable to the study design).
      • whether outcome variables are justified.
      • whether the results will be generalizable or, in the case of a rare disease/special group, relevant to the particular subgroup.
      • whether the sample is appropriate and sufficiently diverse to address the proposed question(s).
    • For applications involving human subjects, including clinical trials, assess the adequacy of inclusion plans as appropriate for the scientific goals of the research. Considerations of appropriateness may include disease/condition/behavior incidence, prevalence, or population burden, population representation, and/or current state of the science.
  • Feasibility:
    • Evaluate whether the proposed approach is sound and achievable, including plans to address problems or new challenges that emerge in the work. For proposed studies in which feasibility may be less certain, evaluate whether the uncertainty is balanced by the potential for major advances.
    • For applications involving human subjects, including clinical trials, evaluate the adequacy and feasibility of the plan to recruit and retain a study population that appropriately models the target population. Additionally, evaluate the likelihood of successfully achieving the proposed enrollment based on age, race, ethnicity, and sex.
    • For clinical trial applications, evaluate whether the study timeline and milestones are feasible.
• Specific for this NOFO:
  • Evaluate the strength/likelihood of bi-directional feedback between the RLI user and disseminator. Evaluate if the partnership centers on potential and capabilities of both parties.
  • Evaluate if the timing of milestones and the quantity of dissemination of the resource to the RLI is reasonable.
  • For applications where trainees/students are involved in the execution, analysis, and reporting of the research:
    • Evaluate how suitable the plans are for incorporating students into the research program. Evaluate if there is oversight of the effectiveness of such training, and how effective the plan is for sustainability and dissemination of educational resources.

Factor 3. Expertise and Resources

• Investigator(s): Evaluate whether the investigator(s) have demonstrated background, training, and expertise, as appropriate for their career stage, to conduct the proposed work. For Multiple Principal Investigator (MPI) applications, assess the quality of the leadership plan to facilitate coordination and collaboration.
• Environment: Evaluate whether the institutional resources are appropriate to ensure the successful execution of the proposed work.
• Specific for this NOFO:
  • Evaluate the strength of service-oriented efforts of the disseminator and how effective they will be in providing the proposed resource and iteratively working with the proposed user.

Additional Review Criteria As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will consider the following additional items while determining scientific and technical merit, but will not give criterion scores for these items, and should consider them in providing an overall impact score.

• Protections for Human Subjects: For research that involves human subjects but does not involve one of the categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46, evaluate the justification for involvement of human subjects and the proposed protections from research risk relating to their participation according to the following five review criteria: 1) risk to subjects, 2) adequacy of protection against risks, 3) potential benefits to the subjects and others, 4) importance of the knowledge to be gained, and 5) data and safety monitoring for clinical trials. For research that involves human subjects and meets the criteria for one or more of the categories of research that are exempt under 45 CFR Part 46, evaluate: 1) the justification for the exemption, 2) human subjects involvement and characteristics, and 3) sources of materials. For additional information on review of the Human Subjects section, please refer to the Guidelines for the Review of Human Subjects.
• Vertebrate Animals: When the proposed research includes Vertebrate Animals, evaluate the involvement of live vertebrate animals according to the following criteria: (1) description of proposed procedures involving animals, including species, strains, ages, sex, and total number to be used; (2) justifications for the use of animals versus alternative models and for the appropriateness of the species proposed; (3) interventions to minimize discomfort, distress, pain and injury; and (4) justification for euthanasia method if NOT consistent with the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. For additional information on review of the Vertebrate Animals section, please refer to the Worksheet for Review of the Vertebrate Animals Section.
• Biohazards: When the proposed research includes Biohazards, evaluate whether specific materials or procedures that will be used are significantly hazardous to research personnel and/or the environment, and whether adequate protection is proposed.
• Resubmissions: As applicable, evaluate the full application as now presented.
• Renewals: Not Applicable.
• Revisions: As applicable, evaluate the appropriateness of the proposed expansion of the scope of the project.

Additional Review Considerations As applicable for the project proposed, reviewers will consider each of the following items, but will not give scores for these items, and should not consider them in providing an overall impact score.

• Authentication of Key Biological and/or Chemical Resources: For projects involving key biological and/or chemical resources, evaluate the brief plans proposed for identifying and ensuring the validity of those resources.
• Budget and Period of Support: Evaluate whether the budget and the requested period of support are fully justified and reasonable in relation to the proposed research.

2. Review and Selection Process Applications will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by (an) appropriate Scientific Review Group(s) convened by NINDS, in accordance with NIH peer review policies and practices, using the stated review criteria. Assignment to a Scientific Review Group will be shown in the eRA Commons.

As part of the scientific peer review, all applications will receive a written critique.

Applications may undergo a selection process in which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific and technical merit (generally the top half of applications under review) will be discussed and assigned an overall impact score.

Appeals of initial peer review will not be accepted for applications submitted in response to this NOFO.

Applications will be assigned on the basis of established PHS referral guidelines to the appropriate NIH Institute or Center. Applications will compete for available funds with all other recommended applications submitted in response to this NOFO. Following initial peer review, recommended applications will receive a second level of review by the appropriate national Advisory Council or Board. The following will be considered in making funding decisions, consistent with applicable law:

• Scientific and technical merit of the proposed project as determined by scientific peer review.
• Availability of funds.
• Relevance of the proposed project to program priorities.

Please note that reviewers will not consider race, ethnicity, age, or sex of a researcher, award participant, or trainee, even in part, in providing critiques, scores, or funding recommendations. NIH will not consider such factors in making its funding decisions.

If the application is under consideration for funding, NIH will request "just-in-time" information from the applicant as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2.5.1. Just-in-Time Procedures. This request is not a Notice of Award nor should it be construed to be an indicator of possible funding.

Prior to making an award, NIH reviews an applicant’s federal award history in SAM.gov to ensure sound business practices. An applicant can review and comment on any information in the Responsibility/Qualification records available in SAM.gov. NIH will consider any comments by the applicant in the Responsibility/Qualification records in SAM.gov to ascertain the applicant’s integrity, business ethics, and performance record of managing Federal awards per 2 CFR Part 200.206 “Federal awarding agency review of risk posed by applicants.”. This provision will apply to all NIH grants and cooperative agreements except fellowships.

3. Anticipated Announcement and Award Dates After the peer review of the application is completed, the PD/PI will be able to access his or her Summary Statement (written critique) via the eRA Commons. Refer to Part 1 for dates for peer review, advisory council review, and earliest start date.

Information regarding the disposition of applications is available in the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 2.4.4 Disposition of Applications.

Section VI. Award Administration Information

1. Award Notices A Notice of Award (NoA) is the official authorizing document notifying the applicant that an award has been made and that funds may be requested from the designated HHS payment system or office. The NoA is signed by the Grants Management Officer and emailed to the recipient’s business official.

In accepting the award, the recipient agrees that any activities under the award are subject to all provisions currently in effect or implemented during the period of the award, other Department regulations and policies in effect at the time of the award, and applicable statutory provisions.

Recipients must comply with any funding restrictions described in Section IV.6. Funding Restrictions. Any pre-award costs incurred before receipt of the NoA are at the applicant's own risk. For more information on the Notice of Award, please refer to the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 5. The Notice of Award and NIH Grants & Funding website, see Award Process.

Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee Approval: Recipient institutions must ensure that protocols are reviewed by their IRB or IEC. To help ensure the safety of participants enrolled in NIH-funded studies, the recipient must provide NIH copies of documents related to all major changes in the status of ongoing protocols.

2. Administrative and National Policy Requirements The following Federal wide and HHS-specific policy requirements apply to awards funded through NIH:

• The rules listed at 2 CFR Part 200, Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards.
• All NIH grant and cooperative agreement awards include the NIH Grants Policy Statement as part of the terms and conditions in the Notice of Award (NoA). The NoA includes the requirements of this NOFO. For these terms of award, see the NIH Grants Policy Statement Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart A: General and Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards, Subpart B: Terms and Conditions for Specific Types of Grants, Recipients, and Activities.
• If a recipient receives an award, the recipient must follow all applicable nondiscrimination laws. The recipient agrees to this when registering in SAM.gov. The recipient must also submit an Assurance of Compliance (HHS-690). To learn more, see the Laws and Regulations Enforced by the HHS Office for Civil Rights website. HHS recognizes that NIH research projects are often limited in scope for many reasons that are nondiscriminatory, such as the principal investigator’s scientific interest, funding limitations, recruitment requirements, and other considerations. Thus, criteria in research protocols that target or exclude certain populations are warranted where nondiscriminatory justifications establish that such criteria are appropriate with respect to the health or safety of the subjects, the scientific study design, or the purpose of the research. For additional guidance regarding how the provisions apply to NIH grant programs, please contact the Scientific/Research Contact that is identified in Section VII under Agency Contacts of this NOFO.
• All federal statutes and regulations relevant to federal financial assistance, including those highlighted in NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 4 Public Policy Requirements, Objectives and Other Appropriation Mandates.
• Recipients are responsible for ensuring that their activities comply with all applicable federal regulations. NIH may terminate awards under certain circumstances. See 2 CFR Part 200.340 Termination and NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 8.5.2 Remedies for Noncompliance or Enforcement Actions: Suspension, Termination, and Withholding of Support.

Successful recipients under this NOFO agree that:

• Where the award funding involves implementing, acquiring, or upgrading health IT for activities by any funded entity, recipients and subrecipient(s) are required to: Use health IT that meets standards and implementation specifications adopted in 45 CFR part 170, Subpart B, if such standards and implementation specifications can support the activity. Visit https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-45/subtitle-A/subchapter-D/part-170/subpart-B to learn more.
• Where the award funding involves implementing, acquiring, or upgrading health IT for activities by eligible clinicians in ambulatory settings, or hospitals, eligible under Sections 4101, 4102, and 4201 of the HITECH Act, use health IT certified under the ONC Health IT Certification Program if certified technology can support the activity. Visit https://www.healthit.gov/topic/certification-ehrs/certification-health-it to learn more.
• Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Act of 2015, Div. N, § 405, Pub. Law 114-113, 6 USC § 1533(d), the HHS Secretary has established a common set of voluntary, consensus-based, and industry-led guidelines, best practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes.

Successful recipients under this NOFO agree that:

• When recipients, subrecipients, or third-party entities have:
  1. ongoing and consistent access to HHS owned or operated information or operational technology systems; and
  2. receive, maintain, transmit, store, access, exchange, process, or utilize personal identifiable information (PII) or personal health information (PHI) obtained from the awarding HHS agency for the purposes of executing the award. Recipients shall develop plans and procedures, modeled after the NIST Cybersecurity framework, to protect HHS systems and data. Please refer to NIH Post-Award Monitoring and Reporting for additional information.

Cooperative Agreement Terms and Conditions of Award Not Applicable

3. Data Management and Sharing Consistent with the 2023 NIH Policy for Data Management and Sharing, when data management and sharing is applicable to the award, recipients will be required to adhere to the Data Management and Sharing requirements as outlined in the NIH Grants Policy Statement. Upon the approval of a Data Management and Sharing Plan, it is required for recipients to implement the plan as described.

4. Reporting When multiple years are involved, recipients will be required to submit the Research Performance Progress Report (RPPR) annually and financial statements as required in the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 8.4.1 Reporting.

To learn more about post-award monitoring and reporting, see the NIH Grants & Funding website, see Post-Award Monitoring and Reporting.

A final RPPR, invention statement, and the expenditure data portion of the Federal Financial Report are required for closeout of an award, as described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement Section 8.6 Closeout. NIH NOFOs outline intended research goals and objectives. Post award, NIH will review and measure performance based on the details and outcomes that are shared within the RPPR, as described at 2 CFR Part 200.301.

Section VII. Agency Contacts

We encourage inquiries concerning this funding opportunity and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential applicants.

Application Submission Contacts

• eRA Service Desk (Questions regarding ASSIST, eRA Commons, application errors and warnings, documenting system problems that threaten submission by the due date, and post-submission issues)
  • Finding Help Online: https://www.era.nih.gov/need-help (preferred method of contact)
  • Telephone: 301-402-7469 or 866-504-9552 (Toll Free)
• General Grants Information (Questions regarding application instructions, application processes, and NIH grant resources)
  • Email: grantsinfo@od.nih.gov (preferred method of contact)
  • Telephone: 301-480-7075
• Grants.gov Customer Support (Questions regarding Grants.gov registration and Workspace)
  • Contact Center Telephone: 800-518-4726
  • Email: support@grants.gov

Scientific/Research Contact(s)

• Natalie Trzcinski, Ph.D. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Email: natalie.trzcinski@nih.gov

Peer Review Contact(s)

• Chief, Scientific Review Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Telephone: 301-496-9223 Email: NINDS_SRB@ninds.nih.gov

Financial/Grants Management Contact(s)

• Chief Grants Management Officer National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Email: NINDS_GM@ninds.nih.gov

Section VIII. Other Information

Recently issued trans-NIH policy notices may affect your application submission. A full list of policy notices published by NIH is provided in the NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts. All awards are subject to the terms and conditions, cost principles, and other considerations described in the NIH Grants Policy Statement.

Authority and Regulations Awards are made under the authorization of Sections 301 and 405 of the Public Health Service Act as amended (42 USC 241 and 284) and under Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 2 CFR Part 200.

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