Impact of Immunotherapies on CNS Outcomes in People with HIV: Potential Benefits, Challenges and Risks

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) intends to publish a notice of funding opportunity (NOFO) to solicit biphasic research applications to evaluate the impact of HIV immunotherapies on central nervous system (CNS) outcomes in people with HIV and to identify mechanisms, benefits, and risks associated with their use in the CNS compartment. The primary goal is to generate evidence that informs whether HIV immunotherapies can safely and effectively target CNS HIV persistence while minimizing neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. By addressing CNS-specific barriers such as blood brain barrier penetration, compartmentalized viral dynamics, and immune-mediated effects, this NOFO will support the development of strategies that contribute to sustained virologic remission across anatomical compartments and improve long-term neurologic and cognitive outcomes in people with HIV. Notice is being provided to allow potential applicants sufficient time to develop meaningful collaborations and responsive projects. Investigators with expertise and insights into the impact of HIV immunotherapies on the CNS and viral reservoirs are strongly encouraged to apply to this new NOFO. This NOFO will utilize the R21/R33 activity code.